K/U: Knowledge and Understanding T/I: Thinking and Investigation C: Communication A: Application
Knowledge
For each question, select the best answer from the four alternatives.
1. A scientific theory is (a) an educated guess (b) an explanatory model that is backed by a very large body of data (c) one of many possible explanations about a phenomenon (d) complete and perfectly accurate (7.1) K/U
2. Most mutations are (a) neutral (b) harmful (c) beneficial (d) mixed (harmful to some and beneficial to others) (7.1) K/U
3. Which human activity is a response to an evolutionary change? (7.1) K/U (a) the domestication of animals (b) the development of annual flu shots (c) artificial selection (d) cloning
4. Which species have been shown to change through mutation over relatively short periods of time? (7.1) K/U (a) mammals (b) bacteria (c) birds (d) moulds and mushrooms
5. Why are bacteria that exhibit resistance to antibiotics becoming more widespread? (7.1) K/U (a) Antibiotics kill viruses, not bacteria. (b) Less-resistant strains of bacteria replicate more slowly than more-resistant strains. (c) More-resistant strains of bacteria have longer lifespans than less-resistant strains. (d) Less-resistant strains of bacteria are being killed off by antibiotics.
6. In the 1700s, which of the following scientists claimed that life may have evolved from a single source? (7.2) K/U (a) Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (b) Carl Linnaeus (c) Erasmus Darwin (d) Chevalier de Lamarck
7. African bush babies hunt at night. They have very large eyes. For Chevalier de Lamarck, the excellent night vision of bush babies would support which of his principles of evolutionary change? (7.2) K/U (a) effect of exercise (b) predator advantage (c) use and disuse (d) inheritance of acquired characteristics
8. Most fossils form (a) underwater (b) in amber (c) in caves (d) in permafrost (7.2) K/U
9. In Patagonia, while on a five-year voyage of discovery, Charles Darwin found fossils of extinct armadillos and sloths. What observations did he make about armadillos and sloths that would later support his theory of evolution? (7.3) K/U (a) The extinct animals were larger than modern species of these animals in Africa. (b) Modern and extinct animals that resembled each other seemed to share similar geographical distributions. (c) There are no modern-day armadillos and sloths in South America. (d) The fossils of the extinct armadillos and sloths were mixed in with marine fossils.
10. In 1838, the Reverend Thomas Malthus claimed that the size of animal populations is limited by the (a) availability of shelter (b) availability of oxygen (c) age at which the animals became sexually mature (d) availability of food (7.4) K/U
11. Which of the following statements is incorrect? (7.2, 7.4, 7.5) K/U (a) Lamarck proposed that individuals could pass on traits that they acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. (b) Lyell revolutionized geology by suggesting that geological change is slow and gradual. (c) Cuvier's studies on fossils revealed that complex fossils are found only in the oldest rocks. (d) Darwin's theory of natural selection explains that the environment favours some individuals over others.
Print Page 319
Key
K/U: Knowledge and Understanding T/I: Thinking and Investigation C: Communication A: Application
12. Gene duplication (a) provides a source of new genes (b) is usually a harmful mutation (c) produces pseudogenes (d) none the above (7.6) K/U
Match the term on the left with the most appropriate description on the right.
13. (a) homologous features (b) vestigial features (c) analogous features (d) anatomical oddity
(i) features that no longer serve the function they do in similar species (ii) features that serve the same function in different organisms but are different in structure (iii) similar structures of organisms that have different functions (iv) features that serve an unusual purpose or have a structure that is difficult to explain (7.4) K/U
(i) all the alleles currently present in a particular species or population (ii) genes inherited from a common ancestor (iii) genes mutated to the point at which they no longer serve a useful purpose (iv) the full set of genes that an organism inherits from its parents (7.6) K/U
15. Match Darwin's inferences, on the left, with his observations, on the right. (a) Some individuals will inherit characteristics that are of benefit and increase their chance of reproductive success. (b) Individuals of all species compete for resources.
(i) Populations produce more offspring than can survive to adulthood. (ii) Individuals of all species show variability. (iii) Resources for any species are limited. (iv) Populations do not continue to grow forever. (v) Some variability is heritable. (7.5) K/U
Key
K/U: Knowledge and Understanding
T/I: Thinking and Investigation
C: Communication
A: Application
Knowledge
For each question, select the best answer from the four alternatives.
1. A scientific theory is
(a) an educated guess
(b) an explanatory model that is backed by a very large body of data
(c) one of many possible explanations about a phenomenon
(d) complete and perfectly accurate (7.1) K/U
2. Most mutations are
(a) neutral
(b) harmful
(c) beneficial
(d) mixed (harmful to some and beneficial to others) (7.1) K/U
3. Which human activity is a response to an evolutionary change? (7.1) K/U
(a) the domestication of animals
(b) the development of annual flu shots
(c) artificial selection
(d) cloning
4. Which species have been shown to change through mutation over relatively short periods of time?
(7.1) K/U
(a) mammals
(b) bacteria
(c) birds
(d) moulds and mushrooms
5. Why are bacteria that exhibit resistance to antibiotics becoming more widespread? (7.1) K/U
(a) Antibiotics kill viruses, not bacteria.
(b) Less-resistant strains of bacteria replicate more slowly than more-resistant strains.
(c) More-resistant strains of bacteria have longer lifespans than less-resistant strains.
(d) Less-resistant strains of bacteria are being killed off by antibiotics.
6. In the 1700s, which of the following scientists claimed that life may have evolved from a single source?
(7.2) K/U
(a) Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon
(b) Carl Linnaeus
(c) Erasmus Darwin
(d) Chevalier de Lamarck
7. African bush babies hunt at night. They have very large eyes. For Chevalier de Lamarck, the excellent night vision of bush babies would support which of his principles of evolutionary change? (7.2) K/U
(a) effect of exercise
(b) predator advantage
(c) use and disuse
(d) inheritance of acquired characteristics
8. Most fossils form
(a) underwater
(b) in amber
(c) in caves
(d) in permafrost (7.2) K/U
9. In Patagonia, while on a five-year voyage of discovery, Charles Darwin found fossils of extinct armadillos and sloths. What observations did he make about armadillos and sloths that would later support his theory of evolution? (7.3) K/U
(a) The extinct animals were larger than modern species of these animals in Africa.
(b) Modern and extinct animals that resembled each other seemed to share similar geographical distributions.
(c) There are no modern-day armadillos and sloths in South America.
(d) The fossils of the extinct armadillos and sloths were mixed in with marine fossils.
10. In 1838, the Reverend Thomas Malthus claimed that the size of animal populations is limited by the
(a) availability of shelter
(b) availability of oxygen
(c) age at which the animals became sexually mature
(d) availability of food (7.4) K/U
11. Which of the following statements is incorrect? (7.2, 7.4, 7.5) K/U
(a) Lamarck proposed that individuals could pass on traits that they acquired during their lifetime to their offspring.
(b) Lyell revolutionized geology by suggesting that geological change is slow and gradual.
(c) Cuvier's studies on fossils revealed that complex fossils are found only in the oldest rocks.
(d) Darwin's theory of natural selection explains that the environment favours some individuals over others.
Print Page 319
Key
K/U: Knowledge and Understanding
T/I: Thinking and Investigation
C: Communication
A: Application
12. Gene duplication
(a) provides a source of new genes
(b) is usually a harmful mutation
(c) produces pseudogenes
(d) none the above (7.6) K/U
Match the term on the left with the most appropriate description on the right.
13. (a) homologous features
(b) vestigial features
(c) analogous features
(d) anatomical oddity
(i) features that no longer serve the function they do in similar species
(ii) features that serve the same function in different organisms but are different in structure
(iii) similar structures of organisms that have different functions
(iv) features that serve an unusual purpose or have a structure that is difficult to explain (7.4) K/U
14. (a) genome
(b) gene pool
(c) homologous genes
(d) pseudogenes
(i) all the alleles currently present in a particular species or population
(ii) genes inherited from a common ancestor
(iii) genes mutated to the point at which they no longer serve a useful purpose
(iv) the full set of genes that an organism inherits from its parents (7.6) K/U
15. Match Darwin's inferences, on the left, with his observations, on the right.
(a) Some individuals will inherit characteristics that are of benefit and increase their chance of reproductive success.
(b) Individuals of all species compete for resources.
(i) Populations produce more offspring than can survive to adulthood.
(ii) Individuals of all species show variability.
(iii) Resources for any species are limited.
(iv) Populations do not continue to grow forever.
(v) Some variability is heritable. (7.5) K/U