K/U- Knowledge/Understanding T/I- Thinking/Investigation C- Communication A- Application
For each question, select the best answer from the four alternatives.
1. Which of the following physical traits represents a potential cost of sexual reproduction? (4.1) K/U (a) a striped coat that enables camouflage (b) great speed (c) brightly coloured feathers that could alert predators (d) acute night vision
2. How many chromosomes do normal human body cells contain? (4.1) K/U (a) 23 (b) 24 (c) 46 (d) 92
3. Asexual reproduction is rare among which of the following groups? (4.2) K/U (a) unicellular organisms (b) plants and fungi (c) invertebrates (d) vertebrates
4. Which of the following stages of mitosis is shown in Figure 1? (4.2) K/U (a) prophase (b) metaphase (c) anaphase (d) telophase
Figure 1 Image: An illustration showing a stage of mitosis
5. Which of the following methods of reproduction results in offspring that are genetically different from a parent? (4.2, 4.3) K/U (a) budding (b) fragmentation (c) sexual reproduction (d) all of the above
6. In humans, spermatogenesis begins with a somatic cell that has 46 chromosomes. When spermatogenesis is complete, how many sperm cells will be formed and how many chromosomes will each sperm cell contain? (4.3) K/U (a) 4 sperm cells each containing 23 chromosomes (b) 2 sperm cells each containing 46 chromosomes (c) 4 sperm cells each containing 46 chromosomes (d) 2 sperm cells each containing 23 chromosomes
7. During meiosis I, chromosomes exchange genetic information, a process known as (a) independent assortment (b) oogenesis (c) crossing over (d) interphase (4.3) K/U
8. Sex cells are called (a) autosomes (b) monosomes (c) trisomes (d) gametes (4.3) K/U
9. Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are called (a) autosomes (b) monosomes (c) trisomes (d) gametes (4.3) K/U
10. Down syndrome occurs because of (a) a meiosis error (b) non-disjunction (c) trisomy (d) all of the above (4.4) K/U
11. A zygote's inheritance of cytoplasmic DNA from the female gamete as a result of sexual reproduction is called (a) maternal inheritance (b) paternal inheritance (c) trisomy (d) horizontal gene transfer (4.5) K/U
12. Mendel's pea plants were useful for his experiments because for many characteristics, such as seed shape, flower colour, and plant height, they exhibited complete dominance and had only two (a) chromosomes (b) alleles (c) genes (d) genotypes (5.1, 5.2) K/U
Print Page 267
KEY
K/U: Knowledge/Understanding T/I: Thinking/Investigation C: Communication A: Application
13. Human blood type AB is a trait that results from both codominance and (a) incomplete dominance (b) a polygenic trait (c) a single allele (d) multiple alleles (5.2) K/U
14. Dr. Nancy Wexler studied family histories and pedigrees of Lake Maracaibo villagers to better understand their high incidence of (a) cystic fibrosis (b) Down syndrome (c) breast cancer (d) Huntington's disease (5.4) K/U
15. Guanine, thymine, adenine, and cytosine are (a) phosphate groups (b) nitrogenous bases (c) sugars (d) none of the above (6.1) K/U
16. Approximately how many base pairs make up the human genome? (6.3) K/U (a) 300 (b) 3000 (c) 3 000 000 (d) 3 000 000 000
17. Organisms that contain genes from other organisms are considered (a) transgenic (b) mutated (c) cloned (d) hybridized (6.4) K/U
18. Molecules that have the ability to cut DNA at a specific site are called (a) transgenes (b) restriction enzymes (c) recombinant DNA (d) mutations (6.4) K/U
19. The process by which a defective gene is replaced in order to correct a genetic disorder is called (a) mutation (b) hybridization (c) complementary base pairing (d) gene therapy (6.5) K/U
20. In gene therapy, the cells containing the gene that needs to be replaced are called (a) plasmids (b) transgenes (c) target cells (d) restriction enzymes (6.5) K/U
Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If you think the statement is false, rewrite it to make it true.
21. Ribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material that is carried in a chromosome. (4.1) K/U
22. The genes for a specific characteristic can be found at various locations on a chromosome. (4.1) K/U
23. Organisms that reproduce asexually inherit half their genetic information from one parent. (4.1) K/U 24. Mitotic cell division results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell. (4.2) K/U
25. Cloned populations are more susceptible to certain diseases because of their lack of genetic variability. (4.2) K/U
26. Homologous chromosomes are assorted independently of other chromosomal pairs. (4.3) K/U
27. Gametogenesis produces sex cells with half the number of chromosomes as a body cell. (4.3) K/U
28. When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, non-disjunction occurs. (4.4) K/U
29. Plants that, when self-pollinated, always produce offspring with the same trait are called hybrids. (5.1) K/U
30. An organism with two identical alleles for a trait is said to be homozygous for that trait. (5.1) K/U
31. A Punnett square is a chart that tracks the inheritance of a trait through a family. (5.2) K/U
32. An organism whose phenotype is a blend of different traits exhibits codominance. (5.2) K/U
33. Among sex-linked genetic disorders, X-linked disorders are less common than Y-linked disorders. (5.3) K/U
34. Genetic screening is the test for a mutated gene. (5.5) K/U
35. Because of complementary base pairing, if you know the base sequence of one strand of DNA, you cannot predict the sequence of the other strand. (6.1) K/U
36. Mutations always have negative effects on the phenotype of an individual. (6.2) K/U
37. The human genome contains about 20 000 genes. (6.3) K/U
38. Gene therapy has very few drawbacks. (6.5) K/U
KEY
K/U- Knowledge/Understanding
T/I- Thinking/Investigation
C- Communication
A- Application
For each question, select the best answer from the four alternatives.
1. Which of the following physical traits represents a potential cost of sexual reproduction? (4.1) K/U
(a) a striped coat that enables camouflage
(b) great speed
(c) brightly coloured feathers that could alert predators
(d) acute night vision
2. How many chromosomes do normal human body cells contain? (4.1) K/U
(a) 23
(b) 24
(c) 46
(d) 92
3. Asexual reproduction is rare among which of the following groups? (4.2) K/U
(a) unicellular organisms
(b) plants and fungi
(c) invertebrates
(d) vertebrates
4. Which of the following stages of mitosis is shown in Figure 1? (4.2) K/U
(a) prophase
(b) metaphase
(c) anaphase
(d) telophase
Figure 1
Image: An illustration showing a stage of mitosis
5. Which of the following methods of reproduction results in offspring that are genetically different from a parent? (4.2, 4.3) K/U
(a) budding
(b) fragmentation
(c) sexual reproduction
(d) all of the above
6. In humans, spermatogenesis begins with a somatic cell that has 46 chromosomes. When spermatogenesis is complete, how many sperm cells will be formed and how many chromosomes will each sperm cell contain? (4.3) K/U
(a) 4 sperm cells each containing 23 chromosomes
(b) 2 sperm cells each containing 46 chromosomes
(c) 4 sperm cells each containing 46 chromosomes
(d) 2 sperm cells each containing 23 chromosomes
7. During meiosis I, chromosomes exchange genetic information, a process known as
(a) independent assortment
(b) oogenesis
(c) crossing over
(d) interphase (4.3) K/U
8. Sex cells are called
(a) autosomes
(b) monosomes
(c) trisomes
(d) gametes (4.3) K/U
9. Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are called
(a) autosomes
(b) monosomes
(c) trisomes
(d) gametes (4.3) K/U
10. Down syndrome occurs because of
(a) a meiosis error
(b) non-disjunction
(c) trisomy
(d) all of the above (4.4) K/U
11. A zygote's inheritance of cytoplasmic DNA from the female gamete as a result of sexual reproduction is called
(a) maternal inheritance
(b) paternal inheritance
(c) trisomy
(d) horizontal gene transfer (4.5) K/U
12. Mendel's pea plants were useful for his experiments because for many characteristics, such as seed shape, flower colour, and plant height, they exhibited complete dominance and had only two
(a) chromosomes
(b) alleles
(c) genes
(d) genotypes (5.1, 5.2) K/U
Print Page 267
KEY
K/U: Knowledge/Understanding
T/I: Thinking/Investigation
C: Communication
A: Application
13. Human blood type AB is a trait that results from both codominance and
(a) incomplete dominance
(b) a polygenic trait
(c) a single allele
(d) multiple alleles (5.2) K/U
14. Dr. Nancy Wexler studied family histories and pedigrees of Lake Maracaibo villagers to better understand their high incidence of
(a) cystic fibrosis
(b) Down syndrome
(c) breast cancer
(d) Huntington's disease (5.4) K/U
15. Guanine, thymine, adenine, and cytosine are
(a) phosphate groups
(b) nitrogenous bases
(c) sugars
(d) none of the above (6.1) K/U
16. Approximately how many base pairs make up the human genome? (6.3) K/U
(a) 300
(b) 3000
(c) 3 000 000
(d) 3 000 000 000
17. Organisms that contain genes from other organisms are considered
(a) transgenic
(b) mutated
(c) cloned
(d) hybridized (6.4) K/U
18. Molecules that have the ability to cut DNA at a specific site are called
(a) transgenes
(b) restriction enzymes
(c) recombinant DNA
(d) mutations (6.4) K/U
19. The process by which a defective gene is replaced in order to correct a genetic disorder is called
(a) mutation
(b) hybridization
(c) complementary base pairing
(d) gene therapy (6.5) K/U
20. In gene therapy, the cells containing the gene that needs to be replaced are called
(a) plasmids
(b) transgenes
(c) target cells
(d) restriction enzymes (6.5) K/U
Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If you think the statement is false, rewrite it to make it true.
21. Ribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material that is carried in a chromosome. (4.1) K/U
22. The genes for a specific characteristic can be found at various locations on a chromosome. (4.1) K/U
23. Organisms that reproduce asexually inherit half their genetic information from one parent. (4.1) K/U
24. Mitotic cell division results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell. (4.2) K/U
25. Cloned populations are more susceptible to certain diseases because of their lack of genetic variability. (4.2) K/U
26. Homologous chromosomes are assorted independently of other chromosomal pairs. (4.3) K/U
27. Gametogenesis produces sex cells with half the number of chromosomes as a body cell. (4.3) K/U
28. When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, non-disjunction occurs. (4.4) K/U
29. Plants that, when self-pollinated, always produce offspring with the same trait are called hybrids. (5.1) K/U
30. An organism with two identical alleles for a trait is said to be homozygous for that trait. (5.1) K/U
31. A Punnett square is a chart that tracks the inheritance of a trait through a family. (5.2) K/U
32. An organism whose phenotype is a blend of different traits exhibits codominance. (5.2) K/U
33. Among sex-linked genetic disorders, X-linked disorders are less common than Y-linked disorders. (5.3) K/U
34. Genetic screening is the test for a mutated gene. (5.5) K/U
35. Because of complementary base pairing, if you know the base sequence of one strand of DNA, you cannot predict the sequence of the other strand. (6.1) K/U
36. Mutations always have negative effects on the phenotype of an individual. (6.2) K/U
37. The human genome contains about 20 000 genes. (6.3) K/U
38. Gene therapy has very few drawbacks. (6.5) K/U